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Introduction - Embedded Systems Definition of Embedded System Characteristics Applications Examples C Programming C-Introduction Data types-intro, int -signed, unsigned, short & long Float ,double & long double Char-signed & unsigned, Practical problems Printf - function, formatting strings Scanf - function, correct format of getting input Handling of data type, Printf & Scanf Operators & Types of operators, Priority of operators Arithmetic & Relational operators Logical & Bitwise operators Size of, negation, address of & Complement operator Assignment operators with examples Unary, Increment & Decrement operators –pre & post Shift operators- Left shift & right shift Logical Vs Increment /Decrement operators Int & float Type Conversions Compilation & execution - Build process Conditional statement- if, true & false conditions If- else, if-else if- else ,Nested ifs Loops intro, for loop, while loop, do-while loop Nested loops Switch case, dos & don’t in switch case Break statement with an example Continue & goto statements Switch Vs If-else ladder Intro to functions, without return type & with return type, single &multiple arguments Function within functions & function prototype Intro to pointers, accessing pointers Call by value & call by reference Arrays intro, declaration & initialization Bounds checking- practical example & memory problems Functions & arrays- passing array elements or an entire array 2d arrays Structures & union- intro Static Storage class - scope & lifetime static & Register - scope & lifetime External or Global Storage Classes global Declaration, Global Vs Static extern keyword-how to use, Project-introduction External or Global Variables Vs Local Variables discussion of all storage classes strings-Declaration, Initialization & Practical problems with strings String library functions Strings & Pointers Preprocessor & macros Macros Expansion & How to generate & view a Preprocessor file Preprocessor directives- pragma, define Pointers in detail -types of pointers Data structures-Introduction Linked list-Part 1 - Structures & creating a node, malloc Linked list-Part 2 - Insertion at front ,middle & back Linked list-Part 3-Insertion at any position Linked list-Part 4 - Deletion in detail & free Linked list Implementation in Practical ATMEL 8051(Micro controller) Difference between CISC & RISC Difference between Microprocessor and Microcontrollers Pin diagram of each series Complete Pin description Addressing modes Instruction sets used in ATMEL Types of instructions Timers/Counters with I/O ports Applications using timers/counters-Sample programs Bit manipulations Arithmetic instructions Boolean logical instructions Data transfer instruction Internal Transfer External Transfer RAM, ROM & Hybrid Mnemonics Special Functions Registers. Definition for Interrupt Interrupt types Handling interrupts Polling sequences Interrupt sequences External interrupts Internal interrupts Programming for interrupt based application PIC (Program Interrupt Controller) Introduction to PIC micro controllers Advantage of PIC micro controllers Types and products of PIC Different peripheral device Difference types of display units 16x2 LCD –Applications Hardware interfaces Interfacing Circuits for LCD & LED Pin diagram of 16x2 working mechanism LCD ADC Working Principle of ADC Application of ADC ADC Resolution Programming for ADC application Temperature sensor interfacing with controller Introduction of timer peripheral implementation and programming for timer peripheral Definition for Interrupt Interrupt types Handling interrupts Polling sequences Interrupt sequences External interrupts Internal interrupts Programming for interrupt based applications UART Implementation D Serial Communication Hardware Description Logical Level Converter MAX 232 Design Serial Port Programming for serial communication Implementation with Real time application. I2C Protocol Programming for I2C Protocol Real time application using RTC Advantages & Disadvantages of I2C Protocols. SPI Protocol Programming for SPI Protocol Motors used for Robotics controls Sample programs Different sensors Applications ARM (Advanced RISC Machine) Introduction to ARM Processor. ARM related Companies and its opportunities. ARM processor family. Application of ARM Processor. Compiler. Emulation and Debugging. Difference between RISC & CISC. LPC2129 ARM 7 microcontroller. Features of LPC2129. Block diagram of LPC2129 Pin diagram Architectural overview. On-chip flash program memory. On-chip static RAM. Crystal Oscillator. PLL. Reset and Wake-up Timer. Brownout detector. Code Security. External Interrupt input. Memory Mapping Control. Power Control, VPB. Memory map Pin Connect Block General Purpose Parallel I/O: Features 8 Bit LED’s and switches Relay and Buzzer Seven Segment Led Keypad LCD TIMER, ADC, DAC, UARTs General purpose timer/ External event counters : Features Interfacing Timer and Counter Operation 10-bit ADC: Features Interfacing Temperature Sensor LM35. 10-bit DAC: Features Interfacing DAC. UARTs: Features, Serial Communication. Interrupt Controller. Interrupt Sources. External Interrupt. I2C – bus serial I/O Controller : Features Interfacing with AT24C1024. SPI- Serial I/O Controller : Features Interfacing with 25LC040. Watchdog timer : Features Real Time Clock : Features Pulse Width Modulator : Features PWM PCB Design